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Taking the Department of Pathology of Duke University as an example, this paper compares and analyzes the training mode of pathology residents in China and the United States. It is found that the organization and management system and supervision and assessment system of residency training in China have been improved, but it is still necessary to strengthen the in-depth implementation of humanistic education and training subjects for residents. Pathologist training should be based on "elite education" as the guiding ideology, to cultivate high-quality, high-level outstanding clinical pathology personnel as the specific goal, to build a solid foundation of clinical medicine.
RESUMO
Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of pediatric Tuina (Chinese therapeutic massage) plus oral administration of Chinese medication for pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation. Methods: A total of 94 children with anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation were randomized into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method at a ratio of 1:1, with 47 cases in each group. The control group was treated with modified Bu Huan Jin Zheng Qi San, and the observation group was treated with additional Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu based on the treatment in the control group. After 4 weeks of treatment, the clinical efficacy of the two groups was observed, and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom score, serum leptin, neuropeptide Y, and serum zinc and calcium levels were compared. Results: After 4 weeks of treatment, the total effective rate of the observation group was 87.2％, and that of the control group was 74.5％. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the TCM symptom scores in both groups decreased significantly (P<0.05), and the scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the serum leptin level in both groups decreased, and the level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum neuropeptide Y, zinc, and calcium levels in both groups increased after treatment, and the levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Tuina manipulation of Yun Shui Ru Tu plus oral administration of Chinese medication is significantly effective in treating pediatric anorexia due to spleen failing in transportation, which can improve the appetite of children and improve the symptoms of anorexia, and the curative effect is better than that of oral administration of Chinese medication alone.
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AIM: To investigate the effects of intermittent hypoxic exposure and normoxic convalescence on the parameter of erythrocyte and serum hypoxia inducible factor1 alpha (HIF-1α) and erythropoietin (EPO)levels. METHODS: Rat models of intermittent hypoxic exposure were established, combined with the clinical research on volunteers experiencing the intermittent plateau work. Blood samples for red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (HCT) were collected, serum HIF-1α and EPO levels were measured using enzymelinked immunosorbentassy. RESULTS: RBC counts, Hb concentration and HCT were significantly higher than the normoxic group (P < 0.05), after exposure of rats to hypoxia from 7 to 28 days. Compared with the normoxic group, serum HIF-1α levels were higher in the group of IH3, 7, 14 days, and EPO had a corresponding increase in the group of IH3, 7 days. Then, a decrease was observed in parameter of erythrocyte and serum HIF-1α and EPO levels after 14 days normoxic convalescence treat. In volunteers studies, RBC counts in 8 monthes group and Hb concentration in 2 years group were significantly higher than the plain group (P < 0.05). The change of HCT was nearly the same as RBC, and HCT in 2 years group was higher than the plain group (P < 0.05). Compared with the plain group, EPO had no significant differences in any of plateau group. CONCLUSION: Intermittent hypoxic exposure can enhance serum hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha and erythropoietin levels and the generation of red blood cells, which leads to an increase in hemoglobincon concentration and hematocrit. The results have changed with the hypoxic exposure period prolonged. Normoxic convalescence after intermittent hypoxic exposure can make the related indexes reduced, and contribute to the organism recovery.